Legal Insights

Articles On Procedure, Remedies, And Timelines

Legal insights from Chambers of AK, including case briefs, practical guides, procedure notes and document-first explainers on cheque dishonour, MSME disputes, RERA, arbitration, commercial recovery and civil litigation.

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For Client Readiness

Each article is written to help readers identify dates, documents, forum choices, and the first practical questions to ask before sending a case enquiry.

Related Reading

Articles connect to relevant practice areas, related guides and enquiry resources so readers can move from the legal issue to useful documents, procedures and next-step information.

General Information

Articles are informational and avoid promises or guarantees. The appropriate legal approach depends on facts, documents, limitation, jurisdiction and procedural stage.

Latest Articles

Practical Guide

Defective goods in an MSME claim: MSEFC buyer defence, set-off and counterclaim

How a buyer can document rejected or defective supplies, distinguish price adjustment from a counterclaim, and present a supported response in MSEFC arbitration.

MSME MSEFC Defective Goods Buyer Defence Set-Off

Partly reasoned arbitral award: Section 34 grounds and remedies

When missing reasons or contradictory findings can support a Section 34 challenge, including Section 31(3), Section 34(4), severability and Gayatri Balasamy.

Arbitration Section 34 Section 31(3) Reasoned Award Patent Illegality

Homebuyer documents before a RERA complaint: evidence checklist

Document-first RERA preparation: reconcile booking papers and payments, preserve promoter communications, check project status and organise relief-specific annexures.

RERA Homebuyer Documents Evidence Payment Receipts

Practical Guide

RERA execution and enforcement after an order: Section 40 guide

Practical RERA order-enforcement guide: Section 40 recovery of refunds and interest, possession/compliance directions, appeals and stays, recovery certificates and Bihar Rules 25-26.

RERA Section 40 Execution Enforcement Recovery Certificate

Practical Guide

Builder-buyer agreement: clauses to check before a RERA complaint

Clause-by-clause RERA agreement review: Section 13 advances, possession deadlines, cancellation, forfeiture, payments, interest, plan changes, OC and evidence.

RERA Builder-Buyer Agreement Section 13 Section 14 Section 18

Practical Guide

RERA refund vs possession: documents to review before choosing relief

Compare Section 18 refund and continued-possession remedies using agreement dates, occupancy certificate, payments, home loans, settlement papers and delay-interest records.

RERA Section 18 Refund Possession Delay Interest

RERA delayed possession complaint checklist

Pre-filing checklist for fixing the possession date, testing extensions and possession offers, reconciling payments, choosing refund or possession, and organising the complaint record.

RERA Delayed Possession Section 18 Refund Interest

Practical Guide

MSME delayed payment: MSEFC vs civil suit vs arbitration

Compare the three principal recovery routes by availability, statutory interest, procedure, limitation, counterclaims, interim relief, costs and enforcement.

MSME MSEFC MSMED Act Civil Suit Commercial Court

MSME Samadhaan filing checklist: before and after submission

Document-first Samadhaan checklist covering Udyam eligibility, work order/oral-order affidavit, invoices, claim amount, acknowledgement, MSEFC routing and post-filing follow-up.

MSME Samadhaan MSEFC MSMED Act Udyam

Practical Guide

MSME interest calculation: documents and caution points

Practical Section 16 calculation guide covering Section 15 due dates, historical RBI Bank Rate periods, monthly rests, part-payments, invoice allocation and audit checks.

MSME MSMED Act Section 16 Interest Calculation RBI Bank Rate

Practical Guide

How to prepare an MSME delayed-payment claim

Build a defensible MSEFC claim from supplier status, jurisdiction, invoice schedules, Section 15 due dates, payments, Section 16 interest, limitation and evidence.

MSME MSEFC MSMED Act Claim Preparation Section 15

Practical Guide

Delhi MSEFC filing and procedure: MSME delayed payment guide

Delhi-specific MSEFC filing guide covering Samadhaan, the Delhi 2007 Rules, current Department contact, Council assignment, service, buyer reply, conciliation and arbitration.

Delhi MSME MSEFC MSMED Act MSME Samadhaan

Practical Guide

Bihar MSEFC filing and procedure: MSME delayed payment guide

Bihar-specific MSEFC filing guide covering Samadhaan, the 2007 State Rules, claim particulars, documents, fee, service, buyer response, conciliation and arbitration.

Bihar MSME MSEFC MSMED Act MSME Samadhaan

Practical Guide

After an MSEFC award: challenge, deposit, stay and enforcement

Post-award MSME roadmap covering Section 34 limitation, the Section 19 75% deposit, separate stay, execution, release of deposit and Section 37.

MSME MSEFC MSMED Act Section 34 Section 19

Practical Guide

MSEFC notice: buyer reply, defences and documents

Buyer-side Section 18 guide covering supplier status, jurisdiction, limitation, invoice and quality disputes, counterclaims, conciliation, arbitration and evidence.

MSME MSEFC Buyer Defence MSMED Act Section 18

Practical Guide

MSEFC jurisdiction when supplier and buyer are in different States

Which Facilitation Council can receive an inter-State MSME delayed-payment reference, how Section 18(4) works, and why Section 34 court jurisdiction is a separate question.

MSME MSEFC MSMED Act Section 18 Jurisdiction

Practical Guide

MSME limitation period: Section 18 conciliation vs arbitration

Three-year limitation rules, invoice and credit dates, acknowledgements, part-payments, time-barred conciliation and Section 18 arbitration after Sonali Power.

MSME MSEFC MSMED Act Limitation Section 18

Practical Guide

Section 19 MSMED Act: 75% pre-deposit for MSEFC award challenge

When the 75% pre-deposit applies, mandatory nature, instalments, Section 34 limitation, stay and enforcement, and the status of the 2026 amendment.

MSME MSEFC MSMED Act Section 19 Pre-Deposit

Section 16 MSMED Act: compound interest on delayed payments

Three times RBI Bank Rate, monthly rests, interest start dates, rate changes, part payments and invoice-wise statutory interest calculation.

MSME MSMED Act Section 16 Compound Interest Monthly Rests

Section 12A Commercial Courts Act: pre-institution mediation

When PIMS is mandatory before a commercial suit, the urgent-interim-relief exception, limitation protection and settlement effect.

Commercial Courts Section 12A Pre-Institution Mediation Commercial Suit Urgent Interim Relief

Commercial contract review checklist: clauses, risks and documents

A practical pre-signing checklist for reviewing parties, scope, payment, indemnity, liability, termination, IP, confidentiality and dispute provisions.

Commercial Contracts Contract Review Payment Terms Indemnity Limitation of Liability

Section 9 arbitration interim relief: documents, urgency and court strategy

A practical guide to court timing, the 90-day commencement rule, Section 17, evidence, security and urgent protection under Section 9.

Arbitration Section 9 Interim Relief Court Jurisdiction Urgency

Practical Guide

SARFAESI notice reply: documents, objections and borrower strategy

A document-first guide to reviewing a Section 13(2) demand notice, reconciling the loan account and preparing objections under Section 13(3A).

SARFAESI Banking Recovery Demand Notice Borrower Defence DRT

Practical Guide

RERA complaint drafting: documents, reliefs and legal strategy

A document-first guide to structuring facts, legal grounds, annexures and relief-specific prayers in a RERA complaint.

RERA Complaint Drafting Documents Reliefs Builder Dispute

Practical Guide

Reply to RERA complaint by builder or promoter

A promoter-side guide to preparing a structured reply to RERA complaints, including documents, delay reasons, payment defaults, possession offer and settlement strategy.

RERA Builder Defence Promoter Delayed Possession Refund

PMLA Cognizance After BNSS: Pre-Hearing Rule

Legal explainer on pre-cognizance hearing of accused in PMLA complaints when cognizance is taken after BNSS came into force.

PMLA BNSS Section 223 BNSS Pre-Cognizance Hearing Special Court

Section 34 Arbitration Limitation: 3 Months + 30 Days Rule

Practical guide to Section 34 arbitration limitation, calendar-month counting, court holidays, delay condonation and recent Supreme Court cases.

Section 34 Arbitration Limitation Delay Condonation Arbitral Award Limitation Act

UAPA Bail, Section 43D(5) and Article 21

Updated legal analysis of UAPA bail, Section 43D(5), Article 21, Watali, K.A. Najeeb, Gulfisha Fatima and Syed Iftikhar Andrabi.

UAPA Bail Section 43D(5) Supreme Court Article 21

Constitutional Law

Sabarimala nine-judge Bench: 2018 ruling and 2026 case status

The 2018 temple-entry ruling, 2019–20 constitutional reference, May 2026 reserved judgment and pending-status review as of 11 October 2026.

Updated October 2026

Sabarimala Supreme Court Constitution Bench Religious Freedom 2018 Judgment

Section 21 Arbitration Act: notice, receipt and commencement

When arbitration begins under Section 21: provable receipt, the invoking request, Section 43 limitation, Section 11 appointment and claims raised later under Section 23.

Updated October 2026

Arbitration Section 21 Invocation Notice Commencement Limitation

Property title search before purchase in India

Document-first guide to title-chain, revenue, municipal, encumbrance and litigation checks before buying property in India.

Property Due Diligence Title Search Checklist Transfer of Property Act

Can non-reportable judgments be published online?

Gujarat High Court case brief on non-reportable judgments, online publication and public court records.

High Court Gujarat High Court Online Publication Judgment Reporting Court Records

SARFAESI auction sale challenge: documents and Rule 9(4) timeline

Supreme Court case brief on auction-sale finality, balance consideration, redemption and DRT/DRAT records.

SARFAESI DRT Banking Recovery Auction Sale Supreme Court

Summary judgment in commercial suits under Order XIII-A CPC

Supreme Court case brief on pleadings, documents, real prospect test and mini-trial caution.

Commercial Courts CPC Order XIII-A Summary Judgment Supreme Court

MSME Facilitation Council process for delayed payments

Udyam records, invoices, 45-day issue, conciliation, arbitration, interest and enforcement preparation.

MSME MSEFC Delayed Payment Conciliation Arbitration

Practical Guide

Cheque bounce case after summons: defence preparation

Complaint papers, summons, notice proof, liability review, settlement and court-stage preparation.

NI Act Cheque Bounce Summons Defence Preparation Section 138

MSME delayed payment documents checklist

Udyam records, invoice-wise summaries, purchase orders, delivery proof, ledgers and communications.

MSME MSEFC Documents Delayed Payment Udyam

Practical Guide

Before filing a commercial recovery suit

Contract clauses, invoice ledgers, limitation, pre-filing issues and dispute records.

Commercial Recovery Contracts Invoices Limitation Commercial Courts

Practical Guide

Section 18 RERA Act: refund, interest and delayed possession

When delayed possession supports refund, monthly interest or compensation, how prescribed rates apply, and which documents establish the claim.

RERA Section 18 Delayed Possession Refund Interest

Arbitration clause checklist before a dispute

Seat, venue, appointment, notice, interim relief, enforcement and papers to preserve.

Arbitration Contract Seat Venue Interim Relief

Practical Guide

Cheque bounce: 30-day notice timeline

A practical date-chart approach for cheque dishonour notices, limitation and complaint preparation.

NI Act Cheque Bounce Demand Notice Limitation Section 138

Practical Guide

MSME payment delayed? First steps for unpaid suppliers

A first-response checklist for unpaid MSE invoices: supplier eligibility, acceptance dates, 15/45-day terms, principal reconciliation, evidence and recovery routes.

Updated October 2026

MSME Delayed Payment First Steps Invoice Recovery MSEFC

Practical Guide

Bihar RERA complaint: Form M, Form N and filing procedure

Bihar-specific RERA filing guide: verify the project, choose the correct forum and Form M or N, prepare evidence, pay the portal fee and follow the complaint.

Updated October 2026

Bihar RERA Form M Form N Section 31 Complaint Filing

Cheque bounce legal notice: drafting, service and limitation

A notice-specific Section 138 guide: cheque-amount demand, thirty-day notice limit, registered-post service proof, fifteen-day payment window and complaint limitation.

Updated October 2026

NI Act Section 138 Demand Notice Service of Notice Limitation

Section 15 MSMED Act: 15-day and 45-day payment rules

When must an MSE buyer pay? Section 15 written terms, the 45-day ceiling, appointed day, deemed acceptance, written objections and invoice-wise deadlines.

Updated October 2026

MSME MSMED Act Section 15 Delayed Payment 45-Day Rule

Section 138 NI Act: cheque bounce ingredients and procedure

Comprehensive NI Act guide: enforceable debt, Section 139 presumptions, part-payments, notice validity, court jurisdiction, Section 141 company liability and trial.

Updated October 2026

NI Act Section 138 Cheque Bounce Legally Enforceable Debt Section 139

Practical Guide

RERA delayed possession in Bihar

Refund, interest and possession relief considerations in delayed possession matters.

RERA Bihar Delayed Possession Refund Interest

Commercial suit documents checklist

Contracts, invoices, ledger records, notices, admissions, limitation and forum-preparation checklist for business recovery.

Commercial Recovery Commercial Courts Documents Contracts Invoices

Property injunction suit documents

Possession, title, site photographs, notices and urgent-court preparation in property injunction suits.

Property Injunction Civil Suit Documents Possession

Section 34 arbitration award challenge

Limitation, grounds, record preparation and court-stage considerations for award challenges.

Arbitration Section 34 Award Challenge Limitation

Case Briefs

Judgment Briefs

Source-based briefs of selected judgments and orders, with case metadata, practical takeaways and judgment download links where available.

Can non-reportable judgments be published online?

Gujarat High Court case brief on non-reportable judgments, online publication and public court records.

High Court Gujarat High Court Online Publication Judgment Reporting Court Records

SARFAESI auction sale challenge: documents and Rule 9(4) timeline

Supreme Court case brief on auction-sale finality, balance consideration, redemption and DRT/DRAT records.

SARFAESI DRT Banking Recovery Auction Sale Supreme Court

Summary judgment in commercial suits under Order XIII-A CPC

Supreme Court case brief on pleadings, documents, real prospect test and mini-trial caution.

Commercial Courts CPC Order XIII-A Summary Judgment Supreme Court

Practical Guides & Checklists

Document-First Guides

Practical explainers and checklists focused on dates, notices, pleadings, invoices, contracts and first-review readiness.

Practical Guide

Defective goods in an MSME claim: MSEFC buyer defence, set-off and counterclaim

How a buyer can document rejected or defective supplies, distinguish price adjustment from a counterclaim, and present a supported response in MSEFC arbitration.

MSME MSEFC Defective Goods Buyer Defence Set-Off

Homebuyer documents before a RERA complaint: evidence checklist

Document-first RERA preparation: reconcile booking papers and payments, preserve promoter communications, check project status and organise relief-specific annexures.

RERA Homebuyer Documents Evidence Payment Receipts

Practical Guide

RERA execution and enforcement after an order: Section 40 guide

Practical RERA order-enforcement guide: Section 40 recovery of refunds and interest, possession/compliance directions, appeals and stays, recovery certificates and Bihar Rules 25-26.

RERA Section 40 Execution Enforcement Recovery Certificate

Practice-Area Updates

Focused Legal Updates

Practice-area notes covering NI Act, MSME, RERA, arbitration, commercial recovery and related procedural issues.

Practical Guide

Defective goods in an MSME claim: MSEFC buyer defence, set-off and counterclaim

How a buyer can document rejected or defective supplies, distinguish price adjustment from a counterclaim, and present a supported response in MSEFC arbitration.

MSME MSEFC Defective Goods Buyer Defence Set-Off

Partly reasoned arbitral award: Section 34 grounds and remedies

When missing reasons or contradictory findings can support a Section 34 challenge, including Section 31(3), Section 34(4), severability and Gayatri Balasamy.

Arbitration Section 34 Section 31(3) Reasoned Award Patent Illegality

Homebuyer documents before a RERA complaint: evidence checklist

Document-first RERA preparation: reconcile booking papers and payments, preserve promoter communications, check project status and organise relief-specific annexures.

RERA Homebuyer Documents Evidence Payment Receipts